Fire Sprinkler Systems – Types, Heat Sensitivity & Sizes
🔹 What is a Fire Sprinkler?
A fire sprinkler is an automatic fire suppression device that sprays water when the temperature rises beyond a set limit. It is one of the most reliable and widely used fire protection systems in MEP design.
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🔹 Types of Fire Sprinklers
1️⃣ Pendant Sprinkler
• Mounted at the ceili
Fire Sprinkler Systems – Types, Heat Sensitivity & Sizes
🔹 What is a Fire Sprinkler?
A fire sprinkler is an automatic fire suppression device that sprays water when the temperature rises beyond a set limit. It is one of the most reliable and widely used fire protection systems in MEP design.
⸻
🔹 Types of Fire Sprinklers
1️⃣ Pendant Sprinkler
• Mounted at the ceiling, sprays water downward in a circular pattern.
• Most common in offices, malls, residential buildings.
2️⃣ Upright Sprinkler
• Installed upward, water hits deflector and sprays down.
• Used in areas with open ceilings (warehouses, industries).
3️⃣ Sidewall Sprinkler
• Mounted on wall, sprays water in half-circle pattern.
• Suitable for hotel rooms, corridors, small offices.
4️⃣ Concealed Sprinkler
• Hidden behind ceiling plate, aesthetically pleasing.
• Used in hotels, luxury buildings.
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🔹 Heat Sensitivity (Bulb Color Coding)
Sprinkler bulbs contain liquid that expands with heat. The color indicates activation temperature:
• Orange / Red → 57–74 °C (Light Hazard areas)
• Yellow → 79–107 °C (Ordinary Hazard)
• Green → 121–149 °C (High Hazard)
• Blue → 163–191 °C (Extra High Hazard)
• Purple / Black → 204–343 °C (Special Applications)
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🔹 Sprinkler Sizes (Orifice Diameter)
• 3/8 inch (K=5.6) → Standard size, common in residential/commercial.
• 1/2 inch (K=8.0) → Larger flow, used in warehouses/industrial.
• 3/4 inch & above (K=11.2, K=14, etc.) → Used for high hazard or large storage areas.
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🔹 Design Thumb Rules
• One sprinkler generally covers 9–12 m² area (depending on hazard classification).
• Sprinkler spacing: 3–4 m apart.
• Minimum clearance from walls: 100–150 mm.
• Water density: 5–10 L/min/m² (as per hazard level).
• Always follow NFPA 13 / IS 15105 standards.
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✨ Conclusion
Fire sprinklers are life-saving devices in buildings. Correct type selection, temperature rating, and spacing ensures effective fire protection and compliance with codes.
Source/Credit: LinkedIn Page of Bijendra Singh Negi
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