"HVAC formula" can mean different things depending on what you’re calculating (cooling load, airflow, power, etc.). Let me give you the most commonly used HVAC formulas grouped by application:
🔹 1. Cooling Load (Heat Load)
Q=1.08×CFM×ΔTQ = 1.08 \times CFM \times \Delta T
Q = Sensible heat load (BTU/hr)
CFM = Airflow (Cubic Feet per Minute)
ΔT = Temperature d
"HVAC formula" can mean different things depending on what you’re calculating (cooling load, airflow, power, etc.). Let me give you the most commonly used HVAC formulas grouped by application:
🔹 1. Cooling Load (Heat Load)
Q=1.08×CFM×ΔTQ = 1.08 \times CFM \times \Delta T
Q = Sensible heat load (BTU/hr)
CFM = Airflow (Cubic Feet per Minute)
ΔT = Temperature difference (°F)
For latent heat (moisture removal):
Q=0.68×CFM×ΔWQ = 0.68 \times CFM \times \Delta W
ΔW = Change in humidity ratio (lb of moisture/lb of dry air)
🔹 2. Airflow (CFM)
CFM=BTU/hr1.08×ΔTCFM = \frac{BTU/hr}{1.08 \times \Delta T}
Used to size duct systems and air handlers.
🔹 3. Cooling Capacity (Refrigeration Ton)
1 Ton of Refrigeration=12,000 BTU/hr≈3.517 kW1 \, \text{Ton of Refrigeration} = 12,000 \, \text{BTU/hr} \approx 3.517 \, \text{kW}
🔹 4. Power Consumption
P=V×I×PF×3P = V \times I \times \text{PF} \times \sqrt{3}
(for 3-phase system)
P = Power (Watts)
V = Voltage (Volts)
I = Current (Amps)
PF = Power Factor
🔹 5. HVAC Duct Sizing (Continuity Equation)
Q=A×VQ = A \times V
Q = Airflow (CFM)
A = Duct area (ft²)
V = Air velocity (ft/min)
🔹 6. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) & Coefficient of Performance (COP)
EER=Cooling Capacity (BTU/hr)Power Input (W)EER = \frac{\text{Cooling Capacity (BTU/hr)}}{\text{Power Input (W)}} COP=Cooling or Heating Output (kW)Power Input (kW)COP = \frac{\text{Cooling or Heating Output (kW)}}{\text{Power Input (kW)}}
⚡ These formulas cover load calculations, airflow, duct sizing, and efficiency — the core of HVAC design.
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